LIBRARIANS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY
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COGNITIVISM
Cognitivism is a learning theory that focuses on how information is organized and presented to the learner in order for the learner to recall the information in a meaningful way.
Instruction is designed to teach 2 types of knowledge: declarative and procedural.
Declarative knowledge tells you how something is.
Procedural knowledge is knowing how to do things.
LEV VYGOTSKY
Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)
Vygtosky thought that learning happens through social interactions. Children learn from within the enviornment in which they were raised and they bring that knowledge with them to school.
Teachers guide students in their learning and assess the gap between their current level of underderstanding with the expected level. This is called the This can be successful if it is done within a learner's zone of proximal development (ZPD). That is the gap between what their current level of performane and their potential level of performance